The Pinhole Camera - Photography making equipment

Example 4; Pinhole Camera

It can also be described as a 'camera obscura'. It was one of the first ever image making devices! It is a tiny camera placed inside a dark environment (concealed space), it takes a photo through a small hole that looks out of the box. They are easy to construct. It is just basic image making through "the rectilinear propagation of light in all different directions". These cameras don't have a lens.  (http://www.pinhole.cz/en/pinholecameras/whatis.html)

image is  from -  luminous-landscape.com

You make them very simply by producing a hole in one side of any small box which does NOT allow light to come in. You then place a tiny bit of tin over the hole on the outside and then place a piece of black tape over the opening on the other side. Then once you are in a dark room you can attach a piece of photographic paper onto the opposite side and there you have it. Why do people use pinhole cameras? I think people use them as they are simple to make (cheap) and they can be any shape or size you would like so that you are able to capture photographs from nearly any angle possible. It is also said that pinhole cameras give an amazing alternative perspective on photography.

  Here are some examples:                                                           

 image on left  from-   pixelcurse.com

                                                            Personally, using a pin hole camera is rather risky for me. The thought of not knowing what the image being photographed will look like, puts me on edge. That's the limitations of the pinhole camera for me, not being able to view the image before it is being taken. The chances of capturing a very successful photo with a pin hole camera compared to for example a point and shoot is very slim. It is much harder to manipulate certain aspects through a pin hole camera as it hasn't got any setting buttons to allow you to play around with things such as exposure and shutter speed. But it is hard to criticize it as it was only the first basic photography making equipment and it is a rather clever and cheap way of making photographs but it is a bit annoying that you don't know what the camera is capturing. 

The Underwater Camera - Photography making equipment

Example 3; Underwater Camera

Scuba divers or snorkelers generally use underwater cameras. These cameras are obviously waterproof. The way in which the camera works are that with an above water camera there is a lot of natural light whereas an underwater camera has hardly any natural light and has very little contrast. This therefore means that the camera needs to be able to make up for the shortage of light to be able to produce good quality photos like the ones above water. 

In order for the camera to work it needs to have a rather thick lens. This is because certain thicknesses of glass will shatter the deeper you go under water. It has the same concept as a submarine does but just on a very miniscule scale. The camera has a lot of rubber seals around it in order to keep out the water as if water does enter the camera it will not function. This is why the camera is totally airtight. An underwater camera is the only type of camera, which will allow for images to be captured in water. This is why it is important photography making equipment, as how else would we know about all the creatures underwater without this camera? It has been able to document all known species underwater and they allow for people to capture newly discovered species that exist.  

An example of and underwater photographer is David Doubilet. 

Doubilet has achieved multiple awards for his underwater photography. He is said to be trying to capture the voice of the oceans through his photography. He has photography has led him to the far corners of the world to capture his photos. Doubilet wants to show the true destruction that is happening to the world under the water surface. 
His work is highly successful as he has been able to capture some amazing and mind blowing images. 

Personally, the underwater camera is a very successful piece of photography equipment. I love the idea of being able to take photos of the underwater world. The camera allows you to view the world from a totally different perspective. The most underwater cameras also allow you to alter the effects on the camera before the image has been taken. I feel this is good because it is allowing you to basically use a normal camera just underwater so manipulation of images is available. Underwater cameras fun and are always a good thing to take with you when you are going on your summer holidays. Although not all the images will come out as you planned but you can still manage to create some incredible photographs.

                                                                                     

A few more examples of my own photography

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